Tungstophosphoric acid supported on titania: A solid acid catalyst in benzylation of phenol with benzylalcohol |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran;2. Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran;1. School of Chemical Engineering & Advanced Materials, Newcastle University, NE1 7RU Newcastle upon Tyne, UK;2. Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), 1 Ahmed El-Zomor St., Nasr City 11727, Cairo, Egypt;1. Chemical Reactor Engineering Centre, Faculty of Engineering Science, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada;2. Refining Department, PDVSA Intevep, Sector El Tambor, Urb. Santa Rosa, Los Teques, Edo. Miranda, AP 76343, CCS 1070-A, Venezuela |
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| Abstract: | Benzylation of phenol with benzylalcohol was carried out in liquid phase over tungstophosphoric acid (TPA) supported on titania. The catalysts were prepared with different TPA (10–25%) loading by wet impregnation method, were calcined at 700 °C and characterized by XRD, surface area, FTIR and acidity of the catalysts was measured by temperature programmed desorption of NH3–TPD, FTIR pyridine adsorption. The catalysts have been represented by a general formula as xPTiO2?y (where x = wt%, P = TPA, and y = calcination temperature in °C). The 20PTiO2 catalyst calcined at various temperatures to know the effect of calcination temperature on activity of the catalyst and the 20PTiO2-700 showed highest activity in benzylation of phenol with benzylalcohol because it had highest acidity. The effects of temperature, catalyst weight, mole ratio of the reactants on conversion of phenol and product selectivities have been optimized. 20PTiO2-700 catalyst gave conversion of benzylalcohol (BA) 98% and the selectivity to benzyl phenol (BP) 83.6%, phenyl benzyl ether (PBE) 9.4%, benzylether (BE) 7% at 130 °C, phenol to benzylalcohol molar ratio 2 and in 1 h. |
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