锂离子电池用固态电解质的研究现状与展望

目前商业化的锂离子电池多使用有机液态电解质,存在易燃易爆、易泄露等安全风险,而采用固态电解质替代有机液态电解质可以有效提高电池安全性。锂离子电池用固态电解质又可分为无机固态电解质和有机——即聚合物固态电解质。无机固态电解质对高温或其他腐蚀性环境适应性好,适用于在极端工作环境中刚性电池等领域;聚合物固态电解质在柔韧性和可加工性上则优势明显,适用于柔性电池等领域,但这些材料均尚有问题待解决。无机-有机复合的方式,有望综合两种材料的优势,取长补短,提高固态电解质的综合性能和实用价值。

Research status and prospect of solid electrolyte for lithium ion batteries

At present,commercial lithium ion batteries（LIBs） mostly use organic liquid electrolyte,which is flammable,explosive,leaky and other security risks.The use of solid electrolyte instead of organic liquid electrolyte could effectively improve the safety of batteries.The solid electrolyte for Li-ion battery can be divided into inorganic electrolyte and organic（polymer） electrolyte.Inorganic solid electrolyte has good adaptability to high temperature or other corrosive environment,which is suitable for rigid battery in extreme working environment;polymer solid electrolyte has obvious advantages in flexibility and processability,which is suitable for flexible battery and other fields,but these materials still have problems to be solved.Inorganic-organic complex is expected to integrate the advantages of the two materials,learn from each other and improve the comprehensive performance and practical value of solid electrolyte.