新型硅-硫锂电池研究进展

高比能量、高安全性是未来储能系统的重要发展方向,在电子产品、航天设备、高续航电动汽车等诸多领域均有迫切需求。硅具有很高的理论比容量,电压平台接近金属锂,采用硅替代锂金属作为负极可以得到新型硅-硫锂电池。本文阐述了新型硅-硫锂电池的特征及存在的关键问题,介绍了全电池中锂源的引入方式,综述了新型硅-硫锂电池正、负极的制备技术及研究进展,总结了不同制备方法存在的优缺点,并详述了目前液态电解质的常见组成、研究进展以及存在的问题。最后结合硅-硫锂电池的发展趋势提出未来重点研究的几个方向,如优化电极/电解质界面、开发固态电解质等。

Research progress on novel silicon-sulfur lithium batteries

High specific energy and safety are the future directions of the energy storage systems, showing urgent demand in electronic devices, electric vehicles, aerospace equipment, and many other fields. Silicon has a high theoretical specific capacity, and the voltage platform is close to lithium metal. A new type of silicon-sulfur lithium battery has been obtained by substituting silicon for lithium metal as anode. Aiming for revealing the development of lithium batteries, the characteristics and existing key issues of the new-type silicon-sulfur batteries were reviewed. The ways of introducing lithium into cells were presented. The fabrication techniques and research development of the cathodes and anodes for the new-type silicon-sulfur batteries were reviewed. The merits and demerits of different preparation methods were summarized. The usual components and research progress on liquid electrolytes were described in detail. Finally, the development trends of silicon-sulfur lithium batteries were pointed out, including optimizing the interphase of electrode and electrolyte and designing solid-state electrolytes.