汶川8.0级地震对典型高坝结构安全的影响分析

 汶川8.0级地震具有震级高、震源浅、破坏性强和次生地质灾害严重等特点。在对震区高坝灾情归类分析的基础上，选择典型的不同坝型高坝，包括宝珠寺重力坝、沙牌碾压混凝土拱坝、紫坪铺面板堆石坝等工程，从大坝距发震断裂距离、大坝基础处理及大坝结构类型的抗震性等因素对大坝结构安全的影响展开分析研究。结合在建的一批300 m级高坝，对抗震设防标准、水库诱发地震等问题进行讨论。结果表明：(1) 现行大坝抗震设计是可行的，300 m级高坝工程抗震能力仍需深化研究；(2) 大坝工程基础、抗力体经合理加固后，增强了岩体结构的整体性，可有效提高大坝及基础的抗震能力；(3) 高坝应急预案的设计与管理，流域性统一公共水电工程灾害应急平台建设有待加强；(4) 对水库诱发地震的研究需加强。

EFFECT ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURAL SAFETY OF TYPICAL LARGE DAMS IN WENCHUAN 8.0 EARTHQUAKE

Based on a field investigation on large hydropower engineering of seismic region after Wenchuan 8.0 earthquake，the main earthquake-induced hazards types of large dams are analyzed. The influence of the distance between dam and seismic center，foundation reinforcement and structural types of dams on structural safety of typical large dams including Baozhushi gravity dam，Shapai arch dam and Zipingpu concrete faced rockfill dam，are studied. The standards of aseismic performance for super high dams of 300 m and reservoir-induced seism(RIS) are also discussed. The main results of this research can be summarized as follows. (1) The damages and behaviors of dams in the area affected by the earthquake prove that codes for aseismic design of dam are appropriate；however，aseismic design of super high dams needs further studies. (2) After proper foundation reinforcement，the strength of rock mass could be increased for improving aseismic performance. (3) Under extreme condition，the design and management of emergency preplan of large dam should be improved；and emergent platform system of valley for hydropower engineering should be developed as soon as possible. (4) How to evaluate the effect of the reservoir-induced earthquake is still the major challenge for Chinese engineers in aseismic design of large dams.