国有矿业企业海外投资风险识别及防范研究

我国经济社会持续发展对矿产品资源的需求量逐步扩大,而我国自有矿业资源供给严重不足,对外依存度不断增高。为保障国家战略性矿产资源的安全供给,"走出去"是中国矿业企业特别是国有企业的必然选择。中国企业多年海外矿产投资经验表明,近半数的项目运营不及预期,主要原因是中国企业对风险的认识和管控不到位。在国有矿业企业背景下,提出风险管理的方法,为海外投资风险管控提供参考。针对矿业行业价值链五个阶段,结合风险识别、风险分析和风险应对的流程,提出风险管理模式。通过风险源定性评价矩阵识别,对基本风险源进行初步评估。结合风险发生的可能性和影响程度,进行量化判断。基于风险分析结果,制作风险应对表为风险处置提供预案。最后,构建风险管控的三道防线,明确风险控制的有效执行者和机制,从而减少项目实施的不确定性,提高投资的成功率。

Research on risk identification and prevention of overseas investment of state-owned mining enterprises

With the continuous development of China"s economy and society, the demand for mineral resources is gradually expanding, while the supply of China"s own mining resources is seriously insufficient, and the degree of dependence on foreign countries is increasing. In order to ensure the safe supply of national strategic mineral resources, "Going Out" is an inevitable choice for Chinese mining enterprises, especially state-owned enterprises. Many years of overseas mineral investment experience of Chinese enterprises shows that nearly half of the project operations are not as expected, mainly because Chinese enterprises do not have a good understanding and control of risks. Under the background of state-owned mining enterprises, this paper puts forward risk management methods to provide reference for overseas investment risk management and control. Aiming at the five stages of mining industry value chain, combined with the process of risk identification, analysis and response, risk management mode is proposed. Through the qualitative evaluation matrix identification of risk sources, the basic risk sources are preliminarily evaluated. Combined with the possibility and influence degree of risk occurrence, quantitative judgment is made. Based on the results of risk analysis, the risk response form is made to provide a plan for risk disposal. Finally, three lines of defense of risk management and control are constructed to clarify the effective executor and mechanism of risk control, so as to reduce the uncertainty of project implementation and improve the success rate of investment.