内蒙古自治区居民膳食中铝暴露风险评估

目的 了解内蒙古自治区主要食品中铝的污染现状,对当地居民膳食中铝暴露风险进行评估。方法 对2010—2018年内蒙古自治区食品安全风险监测中主要含铝添加剂食品的铝残留量进行分析,结合2012年内蒙古自治区居民食物消费量数据,按照性别-年龄组计算内蒙古自治区居民膳食中铝摄入量并评估其健康风险。结果 本次评估主要的含铝添加剂食品9类共1 083份,其中铝的检出率为69.44%(752/1 083),铝残留量均值为142.81 mg/kg,含量范围为2.50～2 950.00 mg/kg；全人群膳食中铝每周平均摄入量为0.692 mg/kg BW,低于食品添加剂联合专家委员会(JECFA)制定的每周可耐受摄入量(PTWI,2 mg/kg BW),高食物消费量人群膳食中铝每周摄入量为4.868 mg/kg BW,是PTWI的2.43倍；不同性别-年龄组人群膳食中铝每周平均摄入量均未超过PTWI,但各性别-年龄组人群的平均铝摄入量随年龄增加有降低的趋势。结论 粉条、油条中含铝添加剂超标现象严重,膨化食品、发酵面制品中存在含铝添加剂超范围使用现象。各性别-年龄组高消费量人群铝的暴露风险较大,相关部门需加强含铝添加剂超范围、超标使用的监管力度。

Risk assessment of dietary aluminum exposure for residents in Inner Mongolia

Objective To understand the current situation of aluminum pollution in the main foods in Inner Mongolia and to evaluate the risk of dietary aluminum exposure of local residents. Methods The aluminum residues of foods containing aluminum additives in food safety risk monitoring in Inner Mongolia from 2010 to 2018 were analyzed. Combined with the food consumption data of residents in Inner Mongolia in 2012, the dietary aluminum intake and health risk was calculated and assessed by sex-age group. Results In this assessment, there were 1 083 common aluminum-containing foods samples with a detection rate of 69.44%(752/1 083). The average content of aluminum residue was 142.81 mg/kg, ranging from 0.30 mg/kg to 2 950.00 mg/kg. The average weekly intake of dietary aluminum for the whole population was 0.692 mg/kg BW which was lower than the tolerable weekly intake (PTWI, 2 mg/kg BW) formulated by the Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives(JECFA). The weekly intake of dietary aluminum for people with high food consumption was 4.868 mg/kg BW. It was 2.43 times that of PTWI. The average weekly dietary aluminum intake of people in different gender-age groups did not exceed PTWI, and the average intake decreased with the increase of age. Conclusion Aluminum containing additives in vermicelli and deep-fried dough sticks exceeded the standard seriously. Aluminum containing additives in puffed food and fermented flour products were used beyond the scope. High-consumption groups of all sex-age groups are at greater risk of aluminum exposure. Relevant departments need to strengthen the supervision of the abuse of aluminum-containing additives.