键盘打字对颈部和上肢肌肉影响的分析研究

目的 分析键盘打字时工作台不同人因参数对颈部和上肢肌肉活动的影响,进而为长期处于键盘打字状态的用户提供打字建议.方法 设计不同人因变量实验(躯干姿势、键盘角度、显示器角度),对8名健康有经验的日常打字时长在4小时以上的被试进行颈部和上肢肌肉表面肌电(sEMG)和主观评测数据采集.每名被试进行8组20分钟的打字实验.结果 对sEMG和主观舒适度数据进行分析,发现躯干姿势、键盘角度、显示器角度均对颈部和上肢肌肉活动具有影响,而对主观数据均无影响.站姿且显示器为120°的情况下颈部肌肉活跃程度最低;和坐姿相比,站姿时上肢肌肉活动程度相对较弱,而手臂和手腕在一定支撑的情况下肌肉活动程度较低.结论 工作台的不同人因参数能够影响颈部和上肢肌肉的活动水平.该研究能够为长期处于键盘打字状态的用户提供打字建议,并为人机工作环境的优化设计提供指导方法.

The Influence of Keyboard Typing on Neck and Upper Limb Muscles

This paper analyzes the influence of different human factors on neck and upper limb muscle activity during keyboard typing, and then provides typing suggestions for users who are in keyboard typing state for a long time. Experiments with different human dependent variables (trunk posture, keyboard angle, and display angle) were designed to collect data of neck and upper limb muscle sEMG and subjective evaluation on 8 healthy and experienced subjects who spent more than four hours in daily typing. Each subject was given eight 20-minute typing sessions. By analyzing the data of sEMG and subjective comfort, it was found that posture, keyboard angle, and display angle all had influence on the muscle activity of neck and upper limbs, but had no influence on the subjective data. The activity of neck muscles was the lowest when the subjects were in standing posture and the display was 120°. Compared with sitting, the muscle activity of the upper limbs is relatively weak when standing. The degree of muscle activity in the arms and wrists is lower under certain conditions of support. Different human factors of the table can affect the activity level of neck and upper limb muscles. The research of this paper can provide typing suggestions for users who have been in the state of keyboard typing for a long time and provide guidance for the optimization design of man-machine working environment.