克拉通盆地构造枢纽带类型及其在碳酸盐岩油气成藏中的作用

与北美等大型克拉通盆地相比，中国小型克拉通的构造演化更易受周缘构造活动影响。受构造分异的影响，克拉通坳陷盆地存在2大类构造枢纽带，即同沉积期构造枢纽带和跨构造期构造枢纽带。同沉积期构造枢纽带的形成和演化受同沉积断裂活动的影响，控制了碳酸盐台地边缘礁滩体的分布，与相邻的盆地相烃源岩共同构成良好的源-储配置，具备有利的油气成藏条件。跨构造期构造枢纽带主要有3种类型，即“跷跷板”运动枢纽带、克拉通古隆起―前陆隆起叠合枢纽带、多期古隆起继承性叠合枢纽带，发育岩溶型储层和地层-岩性型圈闭，是油气运聚的有利指向区。构造枢纽带是碳酸盐岩油气富集的有利区带，油气勘探前景广阔。

Types of tectonic hinge zone and its effect on hydrocarbon accumulation in carbonate reservoirs of cratonic basins in China

Compared to large cratonic basins in northern America, small cratonic basins in China are more susceptible to peripheral tectonic activities in terms of tectonic evolution. Due to tectonic differentiation, there are commonly two types of tectonic hinge zone in cratonic depression basins, i.e. synsedimentary tectonic hinge zone and cross-structure tectonic hinge zone. The formation and evolution of synsedimentary tectonic hinge zones are affected by activity of synsedimentary faults. These controlled distribution of reefs and shoals on carbonate platform margin and formed an excellent source-storage configuration with adjacent source rocks, providing favorable conditions for hydrocarbon accumulation. The cross-structure tectonic hinge zones can be divided into three types, i.e., “seesaw” movement hinge zone, cratonic palaeouplift-foreland uplift superimposed hinge zone, and multi-phase palaeouplift inheritance superimposed hinge zone. They develop karst reservoirs and stratigraphic-lithologic traps, and are favorable oriented regions of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation. The tectonic hinge zones are favorable for hydrocarbon enrichment in carbonates with broad prospects of oil-gas exploration.