明槽式鱼道进流口区水流特性及改善措施

为研究明槽式鱼道进流口区水流特性,以某河流为例,通过试验研究提出了底部介入对进流口区水流进行控导调整的修改措施,包括多级壅水坎与水下三角翼群两种方案。通过水力模型试验,对两种体型设计和布设形式的优化进行试验研究。研究表明,两种措施均对改善进流口区流态有明显作用;而三角翼群在保证进流口区及过渡段表层水流平顺、均衡前提下,有效降低了进流口区流速,还发挥了上溯鱼突进中临时休憩的掩体作用,满足了鱼类顺利回溯至河流的要求。同时,修改优化后的进流口区仍能满足设计过流能力要求。

Hydraulic characteristics of flow in intake area of open channel fishway and its improving measures

The hydraulic characteristics of the flow in the intake area of the open channel fishway are studied herein by taking a river as the study case. Through the relevant experimental study，the improving measures for guiding and regulating the flow within the intake area with the intervention of bottom water-blockings，which including two schemes，i.e. the multi-stage backwater sills and submerged delta wing group. Through the hydraulic model test concerned，the shape design and layout form of both the schemes are experimentally studied. The study shows that both the measures have significant effects for improving the flow pattern within the intake area，while the submerged delta wing group can not only effectively decrease the flow rate in the intake area，but also play a role for the shelter for the anadromous fish to take a break under the premise of ensuring the the surface flow in the intake area and the transition section to be smooth and equilibrium，thus meets the demand of fish migration. Meanwhile，the intake area after the improvement and optimization can still meet the requirement of the flowing capacity of the fishway.