基于蒸腾蒸发量的区域真实节水研究

本文提出以区域允许蒸腾蒸发量的控制来实现区域真实节水的技术框架,将节水由原来的只注重取水量的节约扩展到真正耗水量的节约上。该框架以蒸腾蒸发量为控制指标,在不突破流域总可消耗量(蒸腾蒸发量)的基础上,以准天然状态为参考,经由水文模型模拟分别得到流域内各区域允许蒸腾蒸发量、可控和不可控蒸腾蒸发量,并通过作物种植结构调整、减少灌溉水量、保墒等措施对区域可控蒸腾蒸发量调控,实现区域实际蒸腾蒸发量与区域允许蒸腾蒸发量的平衡。最后以河北省馆陶县真实节水为实例,进行了应用研究的尝试。

Study on regional real water saving based on evapotranspiration

A technical framework for realizing regional real water saving with the control of the regional permitted evapotranspiration is put forward herein. This framework takes the evapotranspiration as the control index and its natural status as the reference on the basis of not breaking up the total consumption of the evapotranspiration within a river basin. Through the hydrological modeling concerned， the permitted， controllable and uncontrollable evapotranspirations of all the regions in a river basin are respectively obtained， and then the regional evapotranspiration is regulated through the measures of adjusting crop planting structure， reducing irrigation water， conserving moisture， etc.， thus realizing the balance between the regional actual evapotranspiration and the regional permitted evapotranspiration. Finally， a study on the application of the technical framework is made by taking the real water saving of Guantao County in Hebei Province as the study case.