输气管道泄漏音波传播特性及监测定位

在天然气管道泄漏检测领域，基于音波法的输气管道泄漏检测及定位技术逐渐受到重视。为了促进该方法的快速应用，利用高压输气管道泄漏检测平台进行了不同输气压力下不同泄漏量、泄漏位置的泄漏检测和泄漏定位试验。根据泄漏信号的特征量，分析了管道压力、泄漏量及泄漏位置对泄漏检测的影响。试验结果表明：①所采用泄漏信号的特征量能满足泄漏判断的需要；②随着管道压力的提高和泄漏孔径的增大，泄漏检测更容易进行；③泄漏位置越靠近管道终点，泄漏信号特征量与阈值相差越大，泄漏越容易判断；④所设计的泄漏定位系统定位误差小，试验中的定位误差最大为1.37%；⑤管道中段若发生泄漏，其定位误差大于管线两端。该研究结果验证了音波法泄漏检测技术具有灵敏性好、定位精度高的特点，为音波法在输气管道泄漏检测和泄漏定位中的广泛应用提供了依据。

Acoustic propagation characteristics, position monitoring and locating of gas transmission pipeline leakage

Great importance has gradually been attached to the leakage detecting and locating technique for the natural gas transmission pipeline based on the acoustic method. To promote its application, the leakage detection platform of the high pressure gas transmission pipeline has been adopted for various tests to determine the leakage rate and location. The influences of operation pressure, leaking rates and location on the leakage detection have been analyzed in accordance with the characteristic quantity of the leakage signal. From the test results, the following conclusions have been achieved. a. The adopted characteristic quantity is qualified to determine the leakage. b. The rising pipeline pressure and the increasing leakage aperture will facilitate leakage detection. c. The closer the leak location to the end of the pipeline, the bigger difference between the characteristic quantity and the threshold value, thus the easier the leakage determination becomes. d. The error of the designed leakage locating system is small and the maximal locating error in the test is 1.37%. e. The locating error of the middle section is larger than that of the pipeline ends. This study verifies that the leakage detecting and locating technique based on the acoustic method is of favorable sensitivity and high locating accuracy, providing references and guidance for the wide application of the technique in gas transmission pipelines.