Whey—pollution problem and potential utilization

The high biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅) of whey poses a major world-wide disposal and pollution problem for the dairy industry, for which an effective and permanent solution is urgently needed. Biological waste water treatment technologies can assist in the safe disposal of whey or whey permeate within the federal environment specifications, but only at substantial cost. One alternative is use of whey, or whey permeate rich in lactose and protein, in processes in which saleable products contribute wholly or partially to the costs. Production of whey proteins by ultrafiltration, lactose hydrolysis products, and the use of whole whey or whey permeate as a fermentation feedstock are possible options. The present situation is discussed, together with projections for commercial potential, limitations of the biotechnology of whey processing, the end products and nutritional aspects.