压水堆核电厂关键金属部件的老化和寿命评估

介绍压水堆核电厂的关键金属部件及其重要度分级,对关键金属部件在压水堆运行环境下典型的老化机理及相关的寿命评估技术进行详细论述。主要的老化机理有反应堆压力容器的辐照脆化、铸造不锈钢的热老化、蒸汽发生器传热管的应力腐蚀开裂和金属疲劳。介绍国外压水堆核电厂关键金属部件老化和寿命评估的基础研究及新进展,并结合我国国情提出了核电厂老化和寿命评估研究的建议：应重视材料在压水堆运行环境下的老化机理研究,同时应开展大尺寸试验,发展寿命评估技术。

Aging problems and life evaluation for the key metallic components in PWR nuclear power plant

The aging problems and life assessment technologies for some key metallic components in a PWR nuclear power plant were discussed,including the concept of key metallic components and their ranking.The major aging problems in a PWR plant and their assessment technologies were summarized as the radiation embrittlement of reactor pressure vessel materials,thermal aging of cast stainless steel,stress corrosion cracking of steam generator tubing and metal fatigue in primary circuit of a PWR plant.In addition,based on local conditions,some international research and development activities concerning nuclear power plant aging were introduced as a reference to propose some suggestions on aging management and life assessment of PWR plants in China.Emphasis should be put on the research of aging mechanism of materials in PWR operational environment.Meanwhile large-scale experiment plays an important role in developing life assessment technology for key metallic components.