Novel branched-chain fatty acids in certain fish oils |
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Authors: | W M N Ratnayake B Olsson R G Ackman |
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Affiliation: | (1) Candian Institute of Fisheries Technology, Technical University of Nova Scotia, P.O. Box 1000, B3J 2X4 Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada;(2) Present address: Sir Frederick G. Banting Research Centre, Department of National Health and Welfare Canada, K1A 0L2 Ottawa, Ontario, Canada |
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Abstract: | Methyl-branched fatty acids, which are usually minor components (≤0.1%) in fish oils, were concentrated in the non-urea-complexing
fraction along with polyunsaturated fatty acids during the enrichment of omega-3 fatty acids from certain fish oils via the
urea complexation process. The methyl-branched fatty acids in the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrates, which were
prepared from three fish body oils, were characterized by gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Among
the major branched-chain fatty acids expected and identified were the known isoprenoid acids—mainly 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoic,
pristanic, and phytanic—and the well-known iso and anteiso structures. Two novel phytol-derived multimethyl-branched fatty
acids, 2,2,6,10,14-pentamethylpentadecanoic and 2,3,7,11,15-pentamethylhexadecanoic, were identified in redfish (Sebastes sp.) oil. These two fatty acids were absent in oils from menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus) and Pacific salmon (mixed, but mostly from sockeye,Oncorhynchus nerka). The major branched-chain fatty acid in the salmon oil, 7-methyl-7-hexadecenoic acid, was also present to a moderate extent
in menhaden oil. A novel vicinal dimethyl-branched fatty acid, 7,8-dimethyl-7-hexadecenoic was detected in all of the fish
oils examined, but was most important in the salmon oil. Three monomethyl-branched fatty acids, 11-methyltetradecanoic acid,
and 11- and 13-methylhexadecanoic, hitherto undescribed in fish lipids, were also detected in salmon, redfish and menhaden
oils.
Presented in part at the First Annual Meeting of the Amer. Oil. Chem. Soc. Canadian Section, Guelph, Ontario, Oct. 8–9, 1986. |
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