起爆方式对岩石爆破裂纹扩展影响的实验分析

为了了解硬岩爆破施工中,提高炸药能量利用率的最佳起爆方式或药包结构,在聚能作用和岩石破碎理论的基础上,分析了空穴聚能、爆轰聚能的聚能作用和爆破裂纹产生机理及准则。通过实验研究了中心雷管、空穴聚能和爆轰聚能的装药方式下爆破裂纹扩展规律。结果表明,3种装药方式下的岩石破碎区范围相差不大,但是中心雷管起爆时岩石径向裂纹较均匀,空穴聚能时在聚能罩的方向上形成较宽、较长的爆破裂纹,爆轰聚能在起爆点中心轴线上形成大的扩展裂纹,虽其宽度和长度均略小于空穴聚能装药,但该方法避免了金属材料的消耗和繁琐的施工工艺。结合红沿河核电站取水隧洞盾构孤石预裂爆破施工,开展的爆轰聚能的工业应用实验表明,采用爆轰聚能爆破技术使孤石强度大幅降低,减少了孤石对盾构机刀盘的磨损,避免了卡钻现象,使盾构机掘进速率提升至10.42mm/min,极大的提高了施工效率。研究结果对起爆技术改进和夹制力大的孤石爆破具有一定的指导意义。

EXPERIMENT OF CRACK PROPAGATION IN TEST SPECIMEN UNDER EXPANSIVE ACTION OF STATIC CRACKING AGENT

Using high speed video camera technology,the physical experiment on material damage under expansive action of static cracking agent was carried out.The dynamic fracture mechanical behavior of cast material with cut slot under expansion was studied.The regularity of crack propagation velocity and acceleration was achieved.Experimental results showed that the specimen with two-wing cut slots produced two cracks generally in line under distension of static cracking agent.In the whole process of crack propagation,the values of the crack propagation velocity and acceleration firstly began to increase,and then they decreased.The time which the value of the crack propagation acceleration got to the maximum was earlier than that of the crack propagation velocity.The crack initiation,crack growth and crack instability present the evident processes.The results provided a theoretical basis for the static cracking agent used in practice.