某铅锌矿采空区处理与矿柱爆破的协同技术

采空区安全隐患处理问题是空场法开采矿山的共性问题,并且在采空区治理中一般会伴随遗留矿柱的回采。为进一步研究采空区处理与矿柱爆破的彼此协同技术,以某铅锌矿945 m中段以上采空区处理与遗留矿柱回采为例,通过调研矿山开采现状,制定并优选了采空区顶板强制崩落技术方案。爆破实施结果表明:矿柱爆破破顶技术方案整体上是可行的,爆破达到了开"天窗"的效果,消除了采空区顶板垮落的地压风险;破顶区域炮孔堵塞带来的装药长度不足问题,通过调整起爆顺序,即由原来的分段爆破改成集中同段爆破,增大爆轰能量进行解决,最终实现了地表成功破顶。研究中涉及的相关爆破技术可为其他类似开采条件的矿山提供有益参考,丰富了采空区处理与矿柱爆破回采协同技术在类似矿体开采的现实价值。

Collaborative technology of mine goaf disposal and pillar blasting in a Lead-Zinc mine

Mine goaf disposal is a common problem for open-stope mines, and it is always accompanying with residual pillar recovery. In order to further study the collaborative technology of mine goaf disposal and residual pillar blasting, the goaf disposal and residual pillar recovery above 945 m level in a Lead-Zinc mine is taking as the research object, and an optimal scheme for goaf roof forced caving is selected after surveying the mine status sufficiently. It is shown that the scheme of goaf roof breaking is feasible technically, and the blasting effect of skylight is achieved, which can eliminate the risk of goaf caving unexpectedly. In the blasting operation, the hole stemming in the region of goaf roof breaking leads to the insufficiency of charging length directly. Therefore blasting sequence is modified, namely from blasting for multiple segments previously to a single segment intensively to increase the detonation energy, and the surface has been broken successfully in the end. It can provide some blasting references for similar mines and enrich realistic values of collaborative technology of mine goaf disposal and residual pillar blasting.