Development of mechanical cryocoolers for the cooling system of the Soft X-ray Spectrometer onboard Astro-H |
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| Authors: | Yoichi Sato Keisuke Shinozaki Hiroyuki Sugita Kazuhisa Mitsuda Noriko Y. Yamasaki Yoh Takei Takao Nakagawa Ryuichi Fujimoto Masahide Murakami Shoji Tsunematsu Kiyomi Otsuka Seiji Yoshida Kenichi Kanao Katsuhiro Narasaki |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Aerospace Research and Development Directorate, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan;2. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan;3. Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan;4. Institute of Engineering Mechanics and Systems, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan;5. Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd., Niihama Works, 5-2 Soubiraki-cho, Niihama, Ehime 792-8588, Japan;1. NASA Kennedy Space Center, M/S: NE-F6 Kennedy Space Center, FL, USA, 32899;2. NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, M/S:ER-24 Huntsville, AL, USA, 35812;1. Energy Research Institute @ NTU, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore;2. School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore;1. Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China;2. Key Lab. of Ref. & Cryo. Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310027, China;3. TransMIT - Centre of Adaptive Cryotechnology and Sensors, D-35392 Giessen, Germany;4. Institute of Applied Physics, University of Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany |
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| Abstract: | Astro-H is the Japanese X-ray astronomy satellite planned for launch in 2014. The Soft X-ray Spectrometer (SXS) onboard Astro-H, is a high energy resolution spectrometer utilizing an X-ray micro-calorimeter array, which is operated at 50 mK by the ADR with the 30-L superfluid liquid helium (LHe). The mechanical cryocoolers, 4 K-class Joule Thomson (JT) cooler and 20 K-class double-staged Stirling (2ST) cooler are key components to achieve a LHe lifetime for over 3 years in orbit (5 years as a goal). Based on the existing cryocoolers onboard Akari (2006) and JEM/SMILES (2009), modifications for higher cooling power and reliability had been investigated. In the present development phase, the Engineering Models (EMs) of these upgraded cryocoolers are fabricated to carry out verification tests for cooling performance, mechanical performance and lifetime. Nominal cooling power of 200 mW at 20 K for the 2ST cooler and 40 mW at 4.5 K for the JT cooler were demonstrated with temperature and power margin. Mechanical performance test for the 2ST cooler units proves tolerability for pyro shock and vibration environment of the Astro-H criteria. Continuous running of the 4 K-class JT cooler combined with the 2ST precooler for lifetime test has achieved over 5000 h without any degradation of cooling performance. |
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