镍钼矿综合利用过程及研究现状

镍钼矿是一种多金属难处理复杂矿,其中含有Mo 0.2%～8.0%,Ni 0.2%～7.0%,镍钼矿的开发利用越来越多地受到关注。介绍了我国镍钼矿资源的特点及分布情况,综述了镍钼矿的选矿处理、冶金处理提取镍、钼的工艺条件、应用情况及各自的优缺点,以及镍钼矿中其他有价元素,如钒和硒的综合回收利用。由于镍钼矿组成和结构复杂,选矿成本高,选矿产生的经济效益不明显。镍钼矿处理的传统工艺为直接还原熔炼法制取镍钼铁合金,或钠盐焙烧后水浸制取氧化钼,但工艺过程产生含SO2的烟气,环境污染大,产品档次低;目前镍钼矿提钼主要采用氧压碱浸、氧化焙烧-碱浸等工艺,以获得高品质的钼酸铵,及较高的钼回收率,但镍钼矿中的镍在工艺过程中未能得到有效的回收利用。镍钼矿采用加钙氧化焙烧-低温硫酸化焙烧-水浸处理工艺,可以同时将镍钼矿中的钼和镍回收,镍和钼的回收率分别达到92%和96%以上,而且能够避免SO2烟气的产生,具有工艺流程短、生产成本低、环境友好等优点。此外,镍钼矿生物处理工艺也展现出了很好的应用前景。

Comprehensive Utilization Process and Research Status of Ni-Mo Ore

Ni-Mo ore was a complex ore which contained many valuable metals,and in which the content of Mo was 0.2% ~8.0% and Ni was 0.2% ~7.0%.The comprehensive utilization of Ni-Mo ore attracted more and more attentions.The characteristics and the distributions of Ni-Mo ore resources in China were introduced.The technology conditions and application as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the dressing processing and metallurgy treatment of Ni-Mo ore for extracting nickel and molybdenum were reviewed.The comprehensive utilization of vanadium and selenium were also introduced.Owing to the complicated composition and structure,the application of dressing technique to treat Ni-Mo ore could result in high cost and low economic benefits.The traditional technique of treating Ni-Mo ore was reduction smelting to produce ferromolybdenum and sodium salt roasting-water leaching for producing molybdenum oxide,but in the process the exhaust gas containing SO2 was produced which polluted the environment and also the product class was low.At present,the extraction of molybdenum from Ni-Mo ore was mainly by alkaline leaching with oxygen pressure technique and the oxidizing roasting-alkali leaching technique etc.for getting high quality ammonium molybdate as well as high molybdenum recovery,but nickel did not recycle in these processes.The calcified roasting-low temperature sulphation roasting-water leaching technique could recover molybdenum and nickel synchronously,and the recovery of nickel and molybdenum could reach 92% and 96%,respectively,at the same time,this technique was characterized by low pollution,short process and low production cost.In addition,the biological metallurgy technique also showed a good application prospect.