高速列车夹芯地板结构隔声特性研究

采用传递矩阵法，建立高速列车内地板的声学特性分析模型，探索不同三明治夹芯板材料和结构对高速列车内地板隔声特性的影响，并根据内地板结构的传递损失评价具有不同参数的三明治夹芯板的隔声性能。通过不同的表层材质（木材、铝材、钢材）、厚度和蜂窝夹层密度，进行了内地板隔声量变化规律的分析和比较。探寻拟定隔声性能优越的三明治夹芯板材料类型和结构型式。结果表明，（1）表层夹板厚度一定，钢材作为表层材料，内地板隔声量最好，其次是铝材，最后是木材；（2）表层厚度影响，木材夹层板，厚度每增加1 mm，各个频段隔声量增加1 dB ～1.5 dB。铝材夹层板，厚度每增加1 mm，各个频段隔声量增加1 dB ～3 dB。钢材夹层板，厚度每增加1 mm，各个频段隔声量增加1 dB ～5 dB；（3）蜂窝板密度降低一半，内地板隔声量有增加趋势，但影响较小。

Sound Transmission Loss of Sandwich Panels Floor of High-speed Trains

The model for analyzing the acoustic characteristics of interior floor of high-speed trains is established.The sandwich panels with three different materials,timber,aluminum and steel,and the honeycomb cores with different thicknesses and densities,are used for the interior floor.The transfer matrix method is employed for analyzing the model.The sound insulation effects of different materials and structures of the sandwich panels are evaluated and compared.The results show that（1） when the thickness of the surface layer of the sandwich panel keeps constant,the interior floor with steel as the surface layer has the best sound transmission loss effect,and followed by aluminum,and timber;（2） when the thickness of the surface layer is additionally increased by 1 mm,the transmission loss of the floor can be increased by 1 dB -1.5 dB for timber sandwich panel,1 dB -3 dB for aluminum sandwich panel and 1 dB -5 dB for steel sandwich panel respectively;（3） the density of the honeycomb core has only a little influence on the transmission loss of the interior floor.When the density is reduced by a half,the sound transmission of the floor has a little tendency of increase.