Myocardial changes in newborn piglets fed sow milk or milk replacer diets containing different levels of erucic acid |
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Authors: | John K G Kramer Edward R Farnworth Kathleen M Johnston Mark S Wolynetz H Wayne Modler Frank D Sauer |
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Affiliation: | (1) Animal Research Center, Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, K1A OC6 Ottawa, Ontario;(2) Engineering and Statistical Research Center, Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, K1A OC6 Ottawa, Ontario;(3) Food Research Center, Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, K1A OC6 Ottawa, Ontario;(4) Animal Diseases Research Institute, K2H 8P9 Nepean, Ontario, Canada |
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Abstract: | This study was undertaken to determine whether the neonate was more susceptible to the effects of dietary erucic acid (22∶1n−9)
than the adult. Newborn piglets were used to assess the safety of different levels of 22∶1n−9 on lipid and histological changes
in the heart. Newborn piglets showed no myocardial lipidosis as assessed by oil red 0 staining, but lipidosis appeared with
consumption of sow milk and disappeared by seven days of age. Milk replacer diets containing soybean oil, or rapeseed oil
mixtures with up to 5% 22∶1n−9 in the oil, or 1.25% in the diet, gave trace myocardial lipidosis. Rapeseed oil mixtures with
7 to 42.9% 22∶1n−9 showed definite myocardial lipidosis in newborn piglets, which correlated to dietary 22∶1n−9, showing a
maximum after one week on diet. The severity of the lipidosis was greater than observed previously with weaned pigs. There
were no significant differences among diets in cardiac lipid classes except for triacylglycerol (TAG), which increased in
piglets fed a repeseed oil with 42.9% 22∶1n−9. TAG showed the highest incorporation of 22∶1n−9, the concentration of 22∶1n−9
in TAG was similar to that present in the dietary oil. Among the cardiac phospholipids, sphingomyelin and phosphatidylserine
had the highest, and diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG) the lowest level of 22∶1n−9. The low content of 22∶1n−9 in DPG of newborn
piglets is not observed in weaned pigs and rats fed high erucic acid rapeseed oil. The relative concentration of saturated
fatty acids was lowered in all cardiac phospholipids of piglets fed rapeseed oils, possibly due to the low content of saturated
fatty acids in rapeseed oils. The results suggest that piglets fed up to 750 mg 22∶1n−9/kg body weight/day showed no adverse
nutritional or cardiac effects. |
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