关于我国核电安全、高效发展与经济发展相均衡的探讨

我国核电经过约一年半的安检、评估、规划后,在核安全规划、核电安全规划和核电发展规划发布后,于2012年11月重新启动,建设安全、高效的核电产业是这次核电重启的战略与方针.核安全是核电的生命线,我国核电安全的具体目标是:每堆年发生严重堆芯损坏事件的概率低于十万分之一,每堆年发生大量放射性物质释放事件的概率低于百万分之一.我国建设了安全性更好的二代改进型及三代示范堆核电站,从二代到三代,安全性、技术先进性在不断提高.我国运行核电机组安全业绩良好,安全是有保障的.核电高效发展是核电站效率、规模和建设速度的问题,就是要高效能、高效用、高效益发展核电.1985～2011年,我国用26年时间只建成了15台核电机组,装机容量只占电力总装机容量的1.1％,发展速度并不快.为了满足日益增长的能源需求,今后仍应积极推进核电建设,规模、批量建设核电站.至2015年应建成核电装机容量40000MW,至2020年应建成核电60000～70000MW,在建机组保持在30000MW左右.我国核电站比投资在不断下降,容量因子、设备可用率在不断提高,核燃料燃耗在不断加深.核电高效发展本身也包括经济发展核电,要在“安全第一”的前提下,处理好安全、高效、经济之间的关系,均衡统一发展.

A Discussion on Balancing Safe and Effiicent Development of Nuclear Power and Economic Growth

China reinitiated its nuclear power development in November 2012 after nearly 18 months of safe- ty scrutiny ,evaluation and planning and the publication of a series of nuclear safety plans ,nuclear power safety plans and nuclear power development plans.Building a safe and effiicent nuclear power industry is the new strat- egy and guideline guiding the reinitiaiton of nuclear power development.Nuclear safety is the lifeline of the nuclear power industry and China＇s specifc objectives for ensuring nuclear power safety are： the possibility of a serious reactor core damage incident happening per reactor per year is lower than one in 100000 anti that of a major radioactive substance release incident per reactor per year is lower than one in 1000000.China has established safer nuclear power stations equipped with improved second-generation reactors and third-genera- tion reactors （for trial use）.From the second to the third generation,the safety and technological advancement of reactors are improving.China has a good safety record in operating nuclear power generators and is thus con- fident in ensuring nuclear power safety.Efficient nuclear power development relates to the efficiency,size and construction speed of nuclear power stations and requires high performance ,high effectiveness and high returns in developing nuclear power.China established only 15 nuclear power generators in 26 years from 1985 to 2011 ,the combined capacity of which represents only 1.1% of the country＇s total installed power generating capacity.To meet the ever-growing domestic demand for energy,China should press ahead with nuclear power reactor construction and build nuclear power stations on a large scale.China should raise its installed nuclear power generating capaicty to 40000MW by 2015 and 60000-70000MW by 2020.Capacity under construction should remain around 30000MW.China＇s nuclear power station specific investment cost is declining,capacity factor and equipment availability factor are increasing,and burn-up of nuclear fuels is deepening.The concept of efficient nuclear power development itself contains an economic development of nuclear power.China should well balance the relationship between safety ,efficiency and economics of nuclear power while first ensuring safety.