非洲油气资源及其宏观投资环境

非洲已成为我国石油进口的主要来源地之一,近年来我国有超过30%的进口石油来自非洲。非洲地区油气资源丰富,勘探程度相对较低,预计整个地区待探明石油技术可采资源量高达200×108t左右,具有巨大的油气勘探开发潜力。非洲油气主要用于出口,2011年非洲石油产量的62%和天然气产量的46%均用于出口。总体上讲,非洲地区具有良好的油气投资开发前景,但其宏观投资环境不容乐观,北非、西非等传统油气资源国安全形势堪忧,政治经济局势不稳定,石油政策走向不确定以及海盗活动猖獗等都加剧了非洲地区油气投资的风险。建议我国应尽早制定非洲油气资源发展中长期发展规划,明确不同阶段的目标、方向;建立非洲油气资源国投资环境评价体系和油气勘探风险保障机制,以降低企业投资风险;在传统油气合作的基础上,进一步拓展与新兴产油国的合作,也可考虑与加蓬、尼日尔等政局相对稳定的国家进行规模合作。另外,在中非合作中一定要遵循"互利共赢"的原则,巩固和发展与非洲国家的战略合作伙伴关系,争取更多、更稳定的油气合作项目。

African Oil and Gas Resources and Investment Environment

Africa is now one of the major sources of China＇s oil imports.In recent years,the share of African oil in China＇s total oil imports has exceeded 30%.Africa has rich oil and gas resources,with limited exploration histories.The entire region＇s technically recoverable oil resources yet to be proven are expected to stand at as much as some 200×10^8t,presenting an enormous potential for exploration and development.Most of the oil and gas produced in Africa is exported.In 2011,52% of oil and 46% of natural gas produced in the continent were exported.Generally,Africa presents a good prospect for investment in oil and gas development although the investment environment in the region as a whole is not very satisfactory.Some traditional oil and gas producers in North Africa and West Africa are facing stern security situations due to volatile political and economic conditions.The uncertainties in these countries＇ oil policies and the rampancy of pirate activities have added to the risks involved in oil and gas investment in Africa.The authors of the article suggest developing a long and medium-term plan for developing oil and gas resources in Africa,clearly defining objectives and directions for different stages,establishing an investment environment assessment system and an oil and gas exploration risk guarantee mechanism for African host countries to reduce enterprises＇ investment risks ,and expanding cooperation with emerging oil-producing countries on the basis of traditional oil and gas partnerships.Oil companies can also consider seeking partnerships with politically stable countries such as Gabon and Niger.In addition,the principle of ＂mutual benefit and win-win results＂ must be followed in the China-Africa cooperation and effort should be made to consolidate and further develop the strategic partnerships between China and African countries to win more and more stable oil and gas projects.