A review of water flooding issues in the proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
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Authors: | Hui Li Yanghua Tang Zhenwei Wang Zheng Shi Shaohong Wu Datong Song Jianlu Zhang Khalid Fatih Jiujun Zhang Haijiang Wang Zhongsheng Liu Rami Abouatallah Antonio Mazza |
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Affiliation: | 1. Institute for Fuel Cell Innovation, National Research Council Canada, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4;2. Hydrogenics, Mississauga, ON, Canada L5R 1B8;3. School of Energy Systems and Nuclear Science, The University of Ontario Institute of Technology (UOIT), Oshawa, ON, Canada L1H 7K4 |
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Abstract: | We have reviewed more than 100 references that are related to water management in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells, with a particular focus on the issue of water flooding, its diagnosis and mitigation. It was found that extensive work has been carried out on the issues of flooding during the last two decades, including prediction through numerical modeling, detection by experimental measurements, and mitigation through the design of cell components and manipulating the operating conditions. Two classes of strategies to mitigate flooding have been developed. The first is based on system design and engineering, which is often accompanied by significant parasitic power loss. The second class is based on membrane electrode assembly (MEA) design and engineering, and involves modifying the material and structural properties of the gas diffusion layer (GDL), cathode catalyst layer (CCL) and membrane to function in the presence of liquid water. In this review, several insightful directions are also suggested for future investigation. |
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Keywords: | Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell Water management Water flooding Gas diffusion layer (GDL) Cathode catalyst layer (CCL) Bipolar flow field plate |
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