Hyperventilation as a specific test for diagnosis of coronary artery spasm |
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Authors: | K Nakao M Ohgushi M Yoshimura K Morooka K Okumura H Ogawa K Kugiyama Y Oike K Fujimoto H Yasue |
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Affiliation: | National Naval Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, USA. |
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Abstract: | Xanthomas may be associated with benign or malignant lymphoproliferative diseases, often with associated hypergammaglobulinema. In human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) disease, there is a high lymphoproliferative rate despite the immunodeficiency and increased cell death. We report three HIV-1-positive patients with facial papular xanthomatosis eruptions associated with hypergammaglobulinema, and an immunoglobulin A (IgA) gammopathy. Histopathologic features include lipid-laden macrophages, extracellular nuclear dust with phagocytosized nuclear debris, and hyalinization with areas of hyaline necrosis of collagen fibers. These distinctive papular xanthomas may be a marker of HIV-1 disease and of a pattern of immunodysregulation, immunodeficiency, and lymphoid proliferation seen in HIV-1 disease. |
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