天然气净化工艺设计要点及优化

胺法至今仍是国内外应用最广泛的酸性天然气脱硫脱碳工艺方法,国内已有超过五十年的使用经验。脱硫脱碳装置在生产中出现不同程度的拦液现象,导致脱硫脱碳装置处理能力严重下降;天然气净化度不合格,溶液发泡引起雾沫夹带,导致大量胺溶液随气流带走,造成溶液损耗急剧增加及严重的经济损失。在总结过去几十年天然气净化工艺设计和生产操作经验的基础上,提出了天然气净化工艺设计要点,重点为脱硫脱碳装置工艺流程设计和关键设备选型;阐述了脱硫脱碳装置的原料气分离系统、胺液再生系统、胺液过滤及惰气保护、胺液和酸气冷却、贫胺液增压及循环泵等方面应重点注意的问题和工艺设计方案的优化;分析了净化工艺流程中的塔、容器、冷换设备、泵类等关键设备的设计要点。

Key Points of Natural Gas Purification Process Design and Their Optimization

Up to now,amine is still widely used in sour gas desulfurization and decarbonization at home and abroad and has been used for more than 50 years in China.Blocking solution may occur in desulfurization and decarbonization unit during production and result in serious capacity decline of desulfurization and decarbonization and not qualified gas purification degree.Solution foaming may result in entrainment and a large number of amine solution may flow away with air stream,which will lead to sharp increase in solution loss and serious economic losses.Summarized is successful experience in natural gas purification process design and production for the past decades,proposed are such key points in purification process design as process design of desulfurization and decarbonization unit and key equipment selection,described are some considerations during design of such systems in desulphurization and decarbonization unit as feed gas separation system,amine regeneration system,amine filtration and inert gas protection system,amine and acid gas cooling system,lean amine turbocharger and circulation pump and analyzed is design of such key equipment in purification process as columns,vessels,cold and heat exchanger and pumps.