抑制油菜菌核萌发的真菌分离及其生防研究初报

从武汉地区种植油菜的灰潮土土壤中分离得到三种真菌,分别是短帚霉（Scopulariopsis brevicaulis）、哈茨木霉菌（Trichoderma harzianum）和棘孢曲霉（Aspergillus aculeatus）。25℃共培养2周后发现,三种真菌的菌株对油菜核盘菌菌核的致死率分别为95.6%、78.9%和83.3%。用哈茨木霉菌Tri-1和棘孢曲霉Asp-1制作而成的生防制剂用于盆栽试验,结果表明盆栽芝麻（旱地作物）和水稻（水田作物）种植60d后,土壤中埋植的菌核萌发率分别下降27.3%和38.0%;继而后作油菜60d后,重新埋植的菌核萌发率分别下降16.1%和18.3%。

Isolated fungal strains of inhibiting sclerotia germination and primarily study of biocontrol

Three fungi,as Scopulariopsis brevicaulis,Trichoderma harzianum and Aspergillus aculeatus were isolated from grey fluvoaquic soil at Wuhan （E113°41′,N29°58′）.They exhibited abilities to inhibit sclerotia germination of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum,a pathogen of canola.Their lethal rates were 95.6%,78.9% and 83.3%,respectively,after 2 weeks of coculture at 25℃.The strains of Tri1 and Asp1 were then made into bioproduce for pot trails.Results showed that germination rate of embedded sclerotia decreased 27.3% and 38.0% respectively when planting sesame （dry farming crop） and rice （paddy field crop） 60d later.Furthermore,the following canola planting using the bioproduct led to sclerotia germination decrease of 16.1% and 18.3% respectively.