斜向撞击方柱下的车辆简化数值模型研究

精确模拟车辆撞击建筑物的受力和变形需建立精细的数值模型并消耗大量的计算时间。但建筑结构防撞设计只针对被撞结构，合理地简化车辆模型能够在保证计算精度的同时提高计算效率。该文首先基于能量守恒原理建立了45°斜向撞击方柱的车辆简化数值模型，并在此基础上分析了撞击方向对柱变形和损伤的影响。分析表明：简化车辆模型能够准确模拟车辆斜向撞击方柱时的撞击力、撞击冲量、柱变形和材料应变响应，同时有效地提高了计算效率；相比正面（90°）撞击，斜向（45°）撞击时车辆变形耗能较小，造成柱损伤和变形更大。

A SIMPLIFIED NUMERICAL MODEL OF VEHICLES THAT IMPACT SQUARE COLUMNS IN OBLIGUE DIRECTION

The force and deformation of building structures subjected to vehicular impact can be accurately simulated by detailed numerical models which increase the computational cost significantly. However, it is the structure rather than the vehicle that should be focused on in the design of building structures against the impact loading. Therefore, to improve the computational efficiency without losing the accuracy of the numerical analysis, a simplified model of vehicles impacting columns in the oblique direction (45°) is proposed based on the energy conservation principle and the influence of the impact direction on the deformation and damage of the columns is studied. The analysis results show that the impact force, impulse, deformation and strain of columns can be captured accurately by the simplified vehicle model. Compared with the front impact (90°), the energy dissipation of the vehicle is smaller in the oblique impact (45°), which leads to larger deformation and more serious damage of the columns.