压杆应变式压力传感器在爆炸冲击波载荷测试中的应用

在容器内实施化学爆炸时，容器内壁上冲击波载荷的确定是进行爆炸容器结构动力响应分析、安全评估和工程设计的基础。获得比较准确、可靠的爆炸容器内壁上作用载荷的时间历程及分布情况，对研究结构动力响应意义重大。文章采用压杆应变式压力传感器来测量爆炸冲击波载荷，这种传感器解决了普通传感器在高频压力脉冲下频响低且容易损坏等问题。压杆应变式压力传感器为一细长弹性杆，爆炸冲击波作用在杆的一端，在杆中激发一维弹性应力波，通过测量杆上适当位置处的应变，利用一维弹性应力波理论可以计算出作用在杆端的爆炸冲击载荷。文章根据一维弹性波理论，设计了满足所需频响、上升时间、持续作用时间等参数要求的压杆应变式压力传感器，其材料为高强度钢，采用动态应变放大器和数据采集仪组成测量系统。通过实验，获得了比较完整的容器内壁上冲击波载荷曲线，测量结果的重复性和一致性很好。经分析表明，压杆应变式压力传感器能准确地测得容器内壁上冲击波荷载的幅值和比较完整的曲线，对爆炸冲击波载荷测试来说，是一种比较准确可靠的传感器。

APPLICATION OF TRAVELING WAVE ROD PRESSURE GAGES IN TESTING OF BLAST IMPACT LOAD

For chemical explosions in vessels,determination of impact load on inner-wall of vessels is the basis of their structural dynamic analysis,safety evaluation and engineering design.To study their structural dynamic response,obtaining more accurate time history and distribution of loading on their inner-wall is very important.The design of traveling wave rod pressure gages and their application in testing of blast impact load are briefly introduced.Traveling wave rod pressure gages are superior to common gages that have a low frequency response and are damageable under high-frequency impulse.A traveling wave rod pressure gage is a slim elastic rod,blast impact wave acts on its one end and create one-dimensional stress wave in the rod,thus by measuring strain at proper points of the rod,blast impact load acting on the rod can be calculated with the theory about one-dimensional stress wave.The traveling wave rod pressure gages are designed with the theory about one-dimensional stress wave,their parameters such as frequency response,risetime and response time can meet the requirements.It's made of high-strength steel,a dynamic strain amplifier and a data collector form its measuring system.Experiments prove that the relatively complete time history curve of the shock load on the inner-wall of a vessel can be accurately measured with traveling wave rod pressure gages.Therefore,traveling wave rod pressure gages are relatively accurate and reliable in testing of blast impact load.