铜及铜合金作为免疫和抗菌元素的综述（英文）

讨论铜与人、细菌之间的关系。铜在人体免疫中发挥重要作用。在推荐摄入量下，铜可以增强人体的免疫防御反应。本文主要讨论铜的抗菌活性和抗菌机制。结论表明，铜的抗菌活性受细菌中铜稳态机制、粘附、湿度、菌株特异性以及抗菌剂制备方法的影响。对于颗粒抗菌和表面抗菌材料，讨论几种制备方法，如溶胶-凝胶法、冷喷涂法和生物合成法，分别属于化学合成、物理合成和生物合成法。溶胶-凝胶法有助于颗粒抗菌和表面抗菌材料的制备；冷喷涂技术可以应用于表面抗菌铜的合成；生物合成是一种可应用于纳米颗粒抗菌剂制备的新技术。

Review of copper and copper alloys as immune and antibacterial element

This review discussed the relationship among copper, human, and bacteria. Copper plays an important role in human immunity. Copper can boost human immune defense reactions at recommended intake level. The content mainly focused on copper antibacterial activity and copper antibacterial mechanisms. Conclusions stated that copper antibacterial activity is affected by copper homeostasis mechanisms in bacteria, adhesion, humidity, strain specificity, and manufacturing methods of antibacterial agents. For the preparation of particle antibacterial agents and surface antibacterial agents, this review discussed several manufacturing methods, such as sol-gel, cold spray, and biosynthesis belonging to chemical synthesis, physical synthesis, and biological synthesis, respectively. Sol-gel method contributes to the preparation of particle agents and surface agents. Cold spray technique is utilized in synthesis of surface copper agent. Biosynthesis is a novel technology which can be applied in nanoparticle agent preparation.