代谢工程改造微生物合成单萜芳香产品的研究进展

单萜及其衍生物是重要的植物天然产物，且具有多种生物学功能。该类物质在多个领域中均表现出较高的开发利用价值，目前已被作为优质香精香料广泛应用于食品、饮料、化妆品和医药工业中，市场需求日益增长。从植物中提取这些单萜芳香产品存在着来源少、含量低和分离困难等缺点，很难满足市场需求。因此，开发生产单萜芳香产品可再生的微生物资源来补充甚至代替原有的植物资源就具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。近年来，研究人员利用代谢工程技术已经成功构建了合成单萜芳香产品的微生物细胞工厂，达到了利用微生物合成法生产该类工业产品的目的。本文主要从菌株改造、发酵优化及产物分离等角度总结了相关产物合成的代谢工程实例，并分析了目前利用代谢工程改造微生物合成单萜芳香产品所面临的瓶颈问题及其可能的解决方法，旨在为构建异源、廉价、高效生产单萜芳香产品的微生物细胞工厂并最终实现其绿色制造提供参考。

Research Progress in Microbial Metabolic Engineering for Producing Monoterpene Aroma Products

Monoterpenes are an important class of plant natural products that exhibit a broad range of biological activities.Some monoterpenes and related derivatives have shown great potential for various industrial applications(e.g.,one of the world’s most commonly used flavour and fragrance additives in foods,medicines and cosmetics),which lead to an increasing market demand for them.However,the low abundance or yield of most monoterpenes and derivatives in plants renders their isolation from plant sources non-economically viable.To meet the rapidly rising market demand for monoterpenes and derivatives,producing them by engineering microbial cells into microbial factories is becoming an attractive alternative approach which can overcome the aforementioned bottleneck,making it more sustainable and environmentally friendly.In recent years,these value-added products have successfully been obtained using metabolically engineered microbes.Here the latest examples of biosynthesis of monoterpene aroma products in the engineered microbes are reviewed.Furthermore,the current bottleneck issues and potential solutions are discussed.It is believed that the information provided here will make a significant contribution to further advancement of the microbial production of monoterpene aroma products through metabolic engineering.