WTO《TBT协定》框架下国际标准的“应然”与“实然”分析

WTO《TBT协定》基于国际标准的协商一致,避免技术歧视,进而消除贸易壁垒的"应然"性作用机理,将其置于非常重要的地位。本文从"实然"的角度,分析了标准类技术性贸易壁垒的发展态势,提出贸易竞争与技术垄断是国际贸易的永恒主题,协商不意味着国际标准绝对的一致,需要警惕国际标准潜藏的技术歧视的风险等方面。最后,文章确立了"WTO+国际标准化组织+成员(国家)"的推广应用国际标准合作模式,以提升国际标准在规避技术性贸易壁垒,破除国际贸易保护主义。

The Ideal and Factual Analysis of International Standards under the Framework of WTO TBT Agreement

Based on the consensus of international standards,WTO TBT agreement pursues the international standards to be a useful tool to avoid technical discrimination and eliminates the trade barriers from the ideal aspect,and placing it in a very important position.From the perspective of factual situation,this paper analyzes the status quo of standards like technical trade barriers,points out that trade competition and technology monopoly are the eternal themes of international trade,and the negotiation does not mean the absolute consensus of international standards and the risk of technology discrimination hidden in international standards.Finally,the paper establishes the cooperation mechanism of"WTO+International standardization Organization+Members"on promoting and applying international standards to avoid technical trade barriers and break the protectionism in international trade.