短波长X射线衍射无损测定铝板内部残余应力

利用重金属靶短波长特征X射线WKα1对轻质材料的强穿透性,自主研发了1台用于工件内部晶体物质衍射分析的短波长X射线衍射仪（SWXRD）。介绍了短波长X射线衍射仪无损测定工件内部应力的原理和方法,在国内首次无损地测定了30 mm厚7075铝合金淬火板内部残余应力及其分布,并与中子衍射和高能同步辐射的短波长X射线衍射测定内部应力进行了比较分析,表明该新方法具有设备体积小,投资少,使用维护方便等优势。

Non-destructive Measurng Internal Residual Stress in Aluminum Alloy Plates Using Short-wavelength Characteristic X-ray Diffraction

Heavy metal target short-wavelength characteristic X-rays（such as WKα1 of wavelength 0.020 9 nm） is capable of penetrating the light materials strongly.An apparatus used to analysis within the interior of crystal materials diffraction by short-wavelength X-ray diffraction had been studied and developed independently.This article described the short-wavelength X-ray diffractometer（SWXRD） working principles and methods of non-destructive measuring internal stress of materials.The distribution of internal residual stress in 7075-T6 aluminum alloy plate with thickness of 30 mm had been determined for the first time at home by non-destructive manner.The internal stress measuring method by SWXRD had been compared with that of neutron diffraction and short-wavelength X-ray diffraction by high-energy synchrotron radiation.The results show that the new method has advantages of small size,low investment and easy maintenance in equipment.The direction for future effort is pointed out.