北极深水钻井关键装备及发展展望

随着国际常规油气资源日渐枯竭和国际油价的日益攀升,越来越多的国家和石油公司开始关注北极地区储量丰富的油气资源。我国的冷深海钻井技术尚处于探索阶段,了解北极深海钻井技术进展,对推动我国海洋油气钻井技术进步、保障能源供给安全具有重要的意义。北极深水油气勘探面临海洋环境恶劣、后勤保障困难、生态环境脆弱等难题,使北极深水油气勘探困难重重。通过大量文献调研和技术跟踪,概述了国外北极深水钻井关键装备的主要进展,并从极地破冰船、供给船、钻井船、钻井平台、海冰控制系统、低温钻机等方面,对北极深水油气钻探的关键装备进行了介绍,对北极深水钻井技术的发展趋势进行了分析,提出了一些探索性的观点和建议。 

Progress and Prospect of Key Equipments for Arctic Deepwater Drilling

With the depletion of conventional oil and gas resources and the increase of oil prices,more and more countries and oil companies begin to pay attention to the Arctic area for its rich oil and gas resouces.Cold deepwater drilling technology in China is now in the exploratory stage,it is very important to know the advancement in Arctic drilling,which can promote technological advancement in deepwater drilling and ensure the safety and security of energy supply in China.But it is very difficult to realize drilling in Arctic due to the harsh marine environment,a remote location with difficult logistics,and sensitive ecological environment.Through investigation and extensive review of literatures,this paper summarized the progress of key technologies and equipment in Arctic deepwater drilling,including icebreaker,store ship,drilling ship,drilling platform,ice management system and low temperature drilling rig,etc.Some tentative viewpoints and suggestions were proposed in Arctic deepwater drilling technologies.