A new class of electrically small antennas

This paper describes a new class of electrically small antennas, of which the principal advantages are the resistive input impedance, the radiation resistance transformation which may be obtained within the structure, and the variety of shapes which the antennas may take. The antennas incorporate resonant half-wave windings, and a simple transmission line theory is presented by which antenna efficiency and bandwidth may be calculated. Experimental methods and results are described for antennas in the order of 0.01 wavelength in height and 0.05 wavelength in diameter.