利用广义S变换提取地震旋回的方法

在地震地层学中，可以采用时频分析方法刻画地层厚度的变化和地质特征的不连续性，研究特定沉积环境和岩性组合的变化。目前，通常采用短时Fourier变换或连续小波变换求取地震道的主能量和主极值频率，进行地震旋回研究，但由于小波变换的尺度与频率的关系并不确定，因此主要用于求取能量谱。介于短时Fourier变换和小波变换之间的S变换是一种非平稳信号分析和处理的方法，具有良好的时频特性，因此将S变换引入到地震地层学的研究中，用广义S变换代替短时Fourier变换或连续小波变换提取地震道的主能量和主极值频率，进行地震旋回特征分析。对S变换、短时Fourier变换和连续小波变换的时频特性进行了分析对比，阐述了广义S变换的高分辨率性质。在广义S变换时频域，利用实际资料求取了地震道的主能量和主极值频率，分析了主能量和主极值频率的纵向变化规律。数值模拟和实际资料试算表明，广义S变换可以更好地反映地震旋回特征。

Seismic cycles extraction using generalized S-transform.

In order to study sedimentary cycles, the main energy and main frequency of the seismic signals is usually calculated by STFT and CWT. In this paper, S transform is introduced to study seismic stratigraphy due to its better time-frequency characteristics. By analyzing the time-frequency characteristics of generalized S transform (GST) , STFT and CWT, it is recognized that GST has higher resolution. The main energy and main frequency is estimated by GST in time-frequency domain. The calculating results are consistent with real 2-D seismic data, which show that GST has more advantage in reflecting sedimentary cycles cycles.