Energy-efficient neighbor discovery protocol for mobile wireless sensor networks |
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| Authors: | Mikko Kohvakka Jukka Suhonen Mauri Kuorilehto Ville Kaseva Marko Hännikäinen Timo D. Hämäläinen |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Mathematics ITWM, Kaiserslautern, Germany;2. Laboratory of Engineering Thermodynamics, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany;1. School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China;2. School of Mathematics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China;3. Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa;4. Mathematical and Physical Biosciences, African Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Muizenberg 7945, South Africa;1. Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Travessa 14, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil;2. Laboratório de Ecologia da Paisagem, WWF-Brasil, SHIS QL 6/8, Conjunto E, Lago Sul, Brasília, DF, 71620-430, Brazil;1. Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands;2. Department of Pediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands;3. Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, VU University Medical Center, The Netherlands;1. Marine Research Institute, Skulagata 4, PO Box 1390, 121 Reykjavík, Iceland;2. Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 8LB, United Kingdom;1. Arizona State University, School of Life Sciences, PO Box 874601, Tempe, AZ, 85287-4601 USA;2. Cornell University, Lab of Ornithology, 159 Sapsucker Woods Road, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA;3. Lafayette College, Department of Biology, 213 Kunkel Hall, Easton, PA 18042-1778, USA |
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| Abstract: | Low energy consumption is a critical design requirement for most wireless sensor network (WSN) applications. Due to minimal transmission power levels, time-varying environmental factors and mobility of nodes, network neighborhood changes frequently. In these conditions, the most critical issue for energy is to minimize the transactions and time consumed for neighbor discovery operations. In this paper, we present an energy-efficient neighbor discovery protocol targeted at synchronized low duty-cycle medium access control (MAC) schemes such as IEEE 802.15.4 and S-MAC. The protocol effectively reduces the need for costly network scans by proactively distributing node schedule information in MAC protocol beacons and by using this information for establishing new communication links. Energy consumption is further reduced by optimizing the beacon transmission rate. The protocol is validated by performance analysis and experimental measurements with physical WSN prototypes. Experimental results show that the protocol can reduce node energy consumption up to 80% at 1–3 m/s node mobility. |
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