无铅的铜铋轴承材料摩擦学特性研究

采用粉末冶金工艺制备了无铅的铜铋轴承材料,并在HDM-20端面摩擦磨损试验机上进行了边界润滑条件下的摩擦磨损试验,分析了无铅的铜铋轴承材料的减摩、抗粘着性能及其承载能力。结果表明：无铅的铜铋轴承材料因有低熔点组元铋的存在,能阻碍因油膜破裂而引起的摩擦副局部区域的直接接触,体现出较好的减摩、抗粘着性能。定载试验时,铋含量为1.0%~3.0%（质量）时无铅的铜铋轴承材料的减摩、抗粘着性能较好;变载试验时,铋含量为2.0%~3.0%（质量）时无铅的铜铋轴承材料的抗粘着、咬合性能好,承载能力高。

Study on Tribological Properties of Lead-Free Copper-Bismuth Bearing Materials

Lead-free copper-bismuth（Cu-Bi） bearing materials were prepared by powder metallurgy method.The tribotests of the Cu-Bi bearing materials were conducted by using the HDM-20 tribometer under boundary lubrication conditions.The anti-friction,anti-adhesion and the carrying capacity of the lead-free Cu-Bi bearing materials were also analyzed.The results showed that the addition of Bi element can improve the anti-friction and anti-adhesion of the bearing materials,which is originated from the Bi（its melting point is lower than 270 ℃） and the protection of the frictional surfaces from direct contact during sliding in the case of failure of oil film.To achieve the better performance of the anti-friction and anti-adhesion of the bearing materials,the optimal addition of Bi is 1.0~3.0 wt% at constant load and 2.0~3.0 wt% at increasing loads.