Particle number and size of polystyrene‐dependent micellar crosslinking polymerization of acrylic acid

The effect of the number and size of polystyrene particles and the concentration of ammonium persulfate used as the initiator on the micellar crosslinking polymerization of acrylic acid was studied by real‐time monitoring of the storage modulus (G ′), the damping factor (tanδ), and the ratio of the complex modulus (G*) to the maximum G* (G*_max) during 1 h of polymerization. The molar ratio (5.83 × 10^?4) of N,N′‐methylenebis‐acrylamide to acrylic acid was fixed. Polystyrene particles were prepared by emulsifier‐free emulsion polymerization. The diameter of the particles ranged from 233 to 696 nm. The results show that crosslinking polymerization was most effective when 1.31 × 10¹² particles were incorporated into the system, while crosslinking polymerization was less effective in the particle‐filled system than in the unfilled polymerization system if the particle number was 50% lower or higher. Crosslinking was also more effective with the use of uncrosslinked firmer and larger particles at the fixed particle number, except for the anomalous behavior observed with 696 nm polystyrene particles. Increasing the feed concentration of the initiator resulted in more efficient crosslinking up to a limiting concentration of 0.765 mg mL^?1 (the molar ratio of initiator to monomer was 8.52 × 10^?4). When this initiator concentration was doubled, the rate of increase of G ′ in the deceleration phase was slower after the network was formed. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 42851.