中国古典园林的时间性设计

通常规划师、建筑师在进行建筑环境规划设计时，重视的往往只是建筑环境的空间规划与设计，而忽视时间性设计。真正高明的建筑环境规划设计，除了要重视建筑空间的设计以外，还要注意时间性设计。如此，才能更好地体现建筑环境永恒的魅力，体现对人的深切关怀以及符合生态和可持续发展的原则。中国古典园林的规划设计，十分注意对时间性因素的考虑，达到空间性设计与时间性设计的完美结合。本文介绍了古人关于古典园林时间性设计的若干论述，通过若干例子，归纳总结出古典园林时间性设计的一些成功经验，指出古典园林的时间性设计，应从宏观、中观及微观等不同时间尺度着眼，并注意从动植物的配置，天文、气象的变化，游览路线的安排和建筑布局等几个方面入手。总结中国古典园林时间性设计的成功经验，对于今后我们在建筑环境规划设计中，注意时间性设计的维度，具有十分重要的借鉴意义。

The Temporal Design in Chinese Classical Gardens

Planners and architects tend to ignore temporal design and only place emphasis on spatial planning and design. Yet a truly successful and impressive environment needs to take temporal design into consideration, so as to better present the eternal beauty of the entire built environment, to reflect the deep concern of the people while keeping in consistent with the principles of ecology and sustainable development. Chinese classical garden planning and design pays great attention to temporal factors in order to achieve a perfect combination of temporal design and spatial design. This paper introduces several pieces of discussion on the temporal design in Chinese classical garden design. Through a number of examples, it summarizes some principles which have proved effective. This paper also points out that the temporal design in Chinese classical garden designshould be conducted under three different temporal scales of macro, mesne and micro while concerning the arrangement of plants and animals, the changes of weather and astronomical phenomena, the layout of the building and sight-seeing route, and others. The successful experiences of temporal design in Chinese Classical Garden Design can provide us with a very important reference in future design projects.