Occurrence,predication,and control of coal burst events in the U.S. |
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Affiliation: | 1. Civil Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA;2. Minova Americas, Lakewood, CO, USA;1. Grasstree Mine, Anglo American Coal, Middlemount 4746 Australia;2. School of Mining Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2075, Australia;3. Jennmar Australia, Smeaton Grange 2567, Australia;4. Rocbolt Resins, Sydney 2075, Australia |
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Abstract: | Coal burst represented a major hazard for some U.S. mining operations. This paper provides an historical review of the coal burst hazards,identifies the fundamental geological factors associated with these events,and discusses mechanisms that can be used to avoid their occurrences. Coal burst are not common in most underground mines. Their occurrence almost always has such dramatic consequences to a mining operation that changes in practice are required. Fundamental factors influencing coal burst events include strong strata,abnormal strata caving,elevated stresses,critical size pillars and the lack of sufficiently sized barrier pillars during extraction. These factors interact to produce excessive stress,seismic shock and loss of confinement mechanisms. Over the 90 years of dealing with these hazards,many novel prevention controls have been developed including novel mine designs and extraction sequences,most of which are site specific in their application. Without an accurate assessment of the fundamental factors that influence coal burst and knowledge of their mechanisms of occurrence,control techniques may be misapplied and risk inadequately mitigated. |
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Keywords: | Coal burst Coal bounce Seismicity Coal bump |
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