微纳米CL-20颗粒级配对低共熔DNAN/TNT基熔铸炸药性能的影响

为了获得高能高强熔铸炸药,以2,4-二硝基苯甲醚(DNAN)和三硝基甲苯(TNT)为低共熔载体,六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(CL-20)为高能组分,采用浇铸成型工艺,成功制备了CL-20/DNAN/TNT熔铸炸药。研究了微纳米CL-20颗粒级配以及N-甲基-4-硝基苯胺、三-(2-氯乙基)磷酸酯、邻苯二酚三种功能助剂对CL-20/DNAN/TNT熔铸炸药性能的影响。对制备的CL-20基熔铸炸药分别进行了扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、粘度、密度及均一性、X射线衍射(XRD)、机械感度、力学性能以及爆速等分析测试。结果表明,当原料粗颗粒CL-20和100 nm CL-20的质量比为70:30,添加0.5%三-(2-氯乙基)磷酸酯时,制备的熔铸炸药表面光滑,内部无明显缺陷,密度均一性好,与只含有粗颗粒CL-20的熔铸炸药相比,其撞击感度降低了32.7%,摩擦感度降低了57.1%,抗压强度从7.93 MPa提高到33.74 MPa,抗拉强度从3.48 MPa提高到4.94 MPa,爆速从8188 m·s~(-1)提高到8225 m·s~(-1)。

Effects of Particle Gradation of Micro-nano CL-20 on the Properties of Eutectic DNAN/TNT-Based Castable Explosives

In order to obtain castable explosive with high energy and high mechanical strength, CL-20/DNAN/TNT castable explosive was successfully prepared by casting process with 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN) and trinitrotoluene (TNT) as low eutectic carriers and hexanitrohexaazoisowurtziane (CL-20) as high energy component. The effects of micro-nano CL-20 particle grading and three functional assistants of N-methyl-4-nitroaniline, tris-(2-chloroethyl) phosphate and catechol on the properties of CL-20/DNAN/TNT castable explosives were investigated. The prepared CL-20-based castable explosives were characterized by SEM, viscosity, density, XRD, mechanical sensitivity, mechanical properties and detonation speed. When the mass ratio of bulk CL-20 to 100 nm CL-20 was 70:30 and 0.5% tri-(2-chloroethyl) phosphate was added, the castable explosive had smooth surface, no obvious internal defects and good density uniformity. Compared with the castable explosive with coarse CL-20, the impact and friction sensitivity was reduced by 32.7% and 57.1%, respectively. The compressive and tensile strength was increased from 7.93 MPa and 3.48 MPa to 33.74 MPa and 4.94 MPa, respectively. The detonation speed was increased by 37.0 m·s^-1 from 8188 m·s^-1 to 8225 m·s^-1.