The International Dimensions of Lead Exposure

Lead poisoning is among the most prevalent and serious preventable diseases of occupational and environmental origin. Many sources contribute to human exposures, and the residues from past uses continue to present risks due to contamination of dusts, soils, and drinking water. In many aspects, lead poisoning is a local-scale problem, and factors in specific environments and workplaces, as well as characteristics of specific populations, determine the nature and extent of disease. However, lead is also a global pollutant: emissions from stationary and mobile sources are transported across boundaries and even oceans; lead-containing products are traded extensively; and lead-containing wastes such as batteries also move internationally. For these reasons, national regulations are insufficient to prevent this disease. This paper discusses evidence for undertaking international efforts to control lead exposures.