基于差异化物流服务的供应链决策与数量折扣协调

针对一个具有差异化物流服务的供应链，设计了基于数量折扣合同的协调策略以优化供应链定价决策，提高供应链及链上各方企业的利润。首先基于效用函数分析了消费者选择行为，并由此获得每种配送服务的需求函数。然后基于Stackelberg博弈模型求解了分散决策下的供应链均衡策略并与集中决策情形进行对比，发现分散决策下过高的产品销售定价及过低的快速配送附加运费导致消费者效用减少并使供应链总利润降低25%。为了达到集中决策下的最优绩效，基于物流企业视角提出数量折扣定价合同并对相关参数进行设计，发现促使供应链达到协调的数量折扣合同有无数多个,且在一定范围内这些合同能够实现双方企业利润的改善。最后基于数值分析模拟了部分数量折扣合同，并分析了零售企业还价能力对双方利润的影响。

Supply Chain Decisions and Quantity Discount Coordination under Differentiated Logistics Services

In order to optimize the pricing decisions and increase the profits of the supply chain and all the participants in a supply chain containing differentiated logistics services, a coordination strategy based on quantity discount contract is designed. Firstly, based on the utility function, the consumers’ choice behavior is analyzed and the demand function for each delivery service derived. Then, based on Stackelberg game model, the equilibrium strategies in the decentralized condition are solved and compared in the centralized condition. It is found that, in the decentralized condition, the product’s selling price is too high and the additional charge for the express delivery is too low, which hurts the consumers’ utility and decreases the supply chain’s overall profit by 25%. In order to reach the optimal performance in the centra lized- condition, a pricing strategy for the logistics service provider (LSP) is proposed based on quantity discount contract and related parameters designed. It is found that there are infinitely many quantity discount contracts which can coordinate the supply chain and improve the two parties’ profits in a certain range. In the end, a numerical study is conducted to simulate some of the coordination contracts and analyze the effect of the retailer’s bargain ability on the profits of the LSP and the retailer.