考虑血型替代策略的紧缺血液采集优化

为了保障临床用血需求，研究紧缺血液的采集优化问题。在血液供给严重短缺的情况下，血型替代是一种重要的应急策略，由此对紧缺血液采集决策产生重要影响。以血液中心-医院两级库存系统为对象，在分析血型替代策略对血液库存控制影响的基础上，考虑随机需求等因素，建立了一个带服务水平约束的系统期望总成本最小的紧缺血液采集优化模型，包含血液中心和医院的血液库存成本，以及血型替代、血液最优采集量短缺和医院缺血产生的惩罚成本。采用离散非线性混合整数规划对模型进行描述。并针对模型特点，设计了一种精确算法。算例结果表明考虑血型替代策略，系统期望总成本下降74.67%。因而考虑血型替代策略的血液采集优化决策能有效缓解血液紧缺问题、提高紧缺血液保障能力。

Optimizing Blood Collection with Substitution against Blood Shortage

Blood collection optimization against scarce blood shortage is studied. In the case of severe blood shortage, blood group substitution is an important emergency strategy, which has an effect on the decision of blood collection. By analyzing the effect of blood group substitution on blood inventory control and considering stochastic demand, service level, as well as the inventory relationship between blood center and hospitals, an optimization model for blood collection was developed to minimize the expected total system cost, which includes the inventory cost at blood center and hospitals, and penalty costs due to blood group substitution, of the optimal supply shortage, and blood shortage at hospitals. The model is described as a discrete nonlinear mixed integer programming model. According to the characteristics of the proposed model, an accurate algorithm is designed. The results of a numerical example show that the expected total sys-tem cost is reduced by 74.67%. So, the optimization of blood collection with blood group substitution can alleviate blood shortage and improve the supply of scarce blood.