变质性产品零售商联合采购与运输联盟的稳定性分析

为了降低运作成本，采用合作博弈论对销售变质性产品的零售商联合采购与运输联盟的稳定性展开了分析。在确定性需求下得到了联合采购与运输联盟的最优订货策略。随后，提出了按边际成本进行分摊的规则可使大联盟保持稳定。通过研究发现，零售商进行联合采购与合作运输并不一定能降低联盟的总运作成本。通过数值例子对三种常见的成本分摊规则进行比较，发现在零售商数量较多时，按边际成本进行分摊的方案优势明显。

An Analysis of Stability of Retailers’ Joint Purchasing and Transportation Coalition for Deteriorating Items

For multiple retailers selling deteriorating items, a model about order quantity and stability of joint purchasing and transportation coalition is established. First of all, the optimal order quantity of the coalition is obtained. It is found that joint purchase and cooperative transport do not necessarily reduce the total operating costs for the retailers. Then, the conditions that retailers can reduce the total operating costs by joint purchase and cooperative transport are obtained. A cost allocation rule is provided by which each retailer’s marginal cost will keep the stability of the grand coalition. Finally, three common cost allocation rules are compared through a numerical example, and it is found that the larger retailers in coalition become in number, the more advantage marginal cost allocation rule will have.