基于驾驶员身体特征和操作姿态的汽车内饰按键操作便捷性建模

作为汽车驾驶过程中的次级任务，内饰部件操作是否便捷严重影响行车安全。针对汽车内饰按键，提出一种基于驾驶员身体特征和肢体操作姿态的操作时间建模方法。首先，利用汽车模拟驾驶器和人体运动捕捉系统，采集9名驾驶员在驾驶状态下的肢体操作姿态和操作时间；然后，统计分析影响操作时间的主要因素；接着，通过主成分回归方法建立操作时间预测模型；最后，利用测试按键和5名新驾驶员的操作数据验证模型。实验结果表明：上躯干侧倾和前倾、肩关节前后摆、肘关节屈伸以及手臂的内外旋转等肢体运动和驾驶员的身体特征均是影响操作时间的主要因素；测试按键的平均预测绝对误差为0.212 s，新驾驶员为0.226 s，验证了模型的有效性。本研究对于汽车内饰部件的便捷性评估提供一种新方法。

Modeling of Operating Convenience for Automotive Interior Button Based on Operating Posture and Stature of Driver

Although the operation of automotive interior components is a secondary task in the process of vehicle driving, its convenience is closely related to driving safety. An operating time modeling method based on the operation posture and stature of driver is proposed for the automobile interior button. The data of reach posture and operation time of 9 males with different statures are collected in driving status using a vehicle simulator and a human motion capture system. The major factors affecting the operating time are analyzed by a statistical method. Based on these factors, an operating time prediction model is established using principal component regression, and is verified by the data of the test buttons and the other 5 males. The experimental results show that the roll and forward movements of the upper torso, the swing movement of the shoulder, the flexion and external rotation of the elbow, axial rotation of the upper limbs and driver's stature are the major factors affecting operation time. The average prediction error (APE) of the test buttons is 0.212s, and the APE of the new participants is 0.226s, which verifies the validity of the model. This study provides a new method for evaluating the convenience of automotive interior components.