水库水沙多目标联合优化调度研究

针对水库运行中蓄水与排沙的矛盾，兼顾水库防洪、发电、航运及长期利用的综合运用目标，利用多目标决策方法建立了水库水沙多目标联合优化调度模型，即汛期采用分级流量原则控制水位运行，制定分级流量与对应的运行水位，通过水库发电调度与泥沙冲淤计算的耦合，计算在约束条件下水库的发电量、泥沙淤积量及长期综合效益。将该模型应用于三峡水库综合运行研究中，汛期按分级流量原则控制水位运行50年。计算结果表明，与原设计水位运行方式相比，汛期分级流量运行的综合效益增加6.324%、发电量增加5559%、泥沙淤积量仅增加0.148%，可见水沙联合调度的汛期分级流量运行方式能充分发挥三峡水库的综合效益。

Research on Reservoir Water and Sediment Multi-objective Joint Optimization Scheduling

Due to the contradiction of water storage and sediment releasing in reservoir operation, and the long-term comprehensive targets which include flood control, power generation, shipping and so on, the water and sediment joint multi-objective optimization of scheduling model is established with multi-objective decision-making methods. In flood season, the principle of hierarchical flow is used to control the water level. The hierarchical flow and the corresponding operating water level should be set. Then we calculate the generated energy of the reservoir, the sediment volume and the long-term comprehensive benefits with considering the constraints. Finally, the model is applied to integrated operation of Three Gorges Reservoir. According to the operating water level which is correspond to the principle the hierarchical flow, we run the model in 50-years flood seasons. The results show that the overall efficiency increases by 6.324%, 5.559% in electricity generation while the sedimentation rate increases by only 0.148%. So, we can say that the mode of hierarchical flow in joint operation of water and sediment during flood season can give full play to the comprehensive benefit of Three Gorges Reservoir.