基于卫星遥感的兴凯湖水资源特征变化研究

随着全球气候变化和人类活动的加剧，湖泊水资源的动态变化成为生态领域的关键研究课题。湖泊作为地球陆地生态系统中不可或缺的组成部分，其水文特性的变化直接影响着区域水循环、生态平衡和人类福祉。研究湖泊动态变化可为气候系统和人类活动的影响机制提供参考。兴凯湖是位于气候敏感区且受人类活动显著影响的内陆湖泊，本文旨在通过ICEsat-1/2、Landsat及GRACE等多源卫星遥感数据深入分析其水资源的动态变化，并结合气象数据与土地利用数据探索气候变化和人类活动对湖泊的影响。结果表明：(1) ICEsat-1监测的兴凯湖2003—2009年年内水位呈现周期性波动，年际水位呈上升趋势;ICEsat-2监测的兴凯湖2018—2022年年内年际水位呈下降趋势，多轨数据显示水剖面变化趋势一致。(2)2003—2021年兴凯湖面积以增加为主，东部与南部增加最明显。(3) GRACE反演的兴凯湖水储量变化呈上升趋势，且季节变化为春季＞冬季＞夏季＞秋季。湖泊水体变化特征与降水有较高的相关性。研究结果可为流域的水资源综合利用与制定生态环境保护措施提供理论依据。

Study on the change of water resources characteristics of Xingkai Lake based on satellite remote sensing

With the intensification of global climate change and human activities，the dynamic change of lake water resources has become a key research topic in the field of ecology.As an indispensable part of the earth’s terrestrial ecosystem，the changes in the hydrological characteristics of lakes directly affect the regional water cycle，ecological balance and human well-being.The study of lake dynamics can provide a reference for the influence mechanism of climate system and human activities.The purpose of this paper is to analyze the dynamic changes of water resources of the Xingkai Lake through multi-source satellite remote sensing data such as ICEsat-1/2，Landsat and GRACE，and to explore the impact of climate change and human activities on the lake by combining meteorological data and land use data.The results show that：(1) The water level of Xingkai Lake monitored by ICEsat-1 presents periodic fluctuations from 2003 to 2009，and the interannual water level has an upward trend;The interannual water level of the Xingkai Lake monitored by ICEsat-2 presents a downward trend from 2018 to 2022，and the multi-track data has a consistent trend in the water profile.(2) From 2003 to 2021，the area of the Xingkai Lake mainly increases，and the increase in the east and south is the most obvious.(3) The changes of water storage in the Xingkai Lake inverted by GRACE present an upward trend，and the biggest seasonal changes is in spring,followed by winter,summer and autumn.There is a high correlation between the change characteristics of lake water and precipitation.The results of this study can provide a theoretical basis for the comprehensive utilization of water resources and the formulation of ecological and environmental protection measures in the basin.