煤矿开采对景观格局的影响及生态风险分析

煤矿区的建设与煤炭资源开采造成矿区土地利用与景观的变化,以兖州市东滩煤矿开采前后两期遥感影像为数据源,利用GIS空间分析技术,对煤矿区开采前后的景观格局变化开展深入研究工作,内容包括矿区景观类型转移矩阵分析、景观格局变异分析以及其景观生态风险评估。结果表明:1987~2013年,矿区内耕地和林地的面积减少,其余地物类型的面积都增大;矿区景观格局呈现复杂化,破碎化和均衡化的发展趋势;研究区内高、中风险区的面积不断向外扩张,低风险区的面积比重下降。因此,在矿产资源开发同时,应注重土地复垦过程中的景观格局优化,通过相关治理技术降低矿区景观生态风险,增大景观格局的稳定性。

Coal mining influence on landscape pattern and ecological risk analysis

Land use and landscape changed severely in mining areas, because of the construction of coal mines and exploitation of coal resources .The changes of landscape pattern were analyzed pre-mining and post mining in Dongtan coal of Yanzhou city, by utilizing remote sensing and GIS spatial analysis technologies, which includes the transfer matrix of the mining area landscape pattern, landscape pattern index and ecological risk of landscape pattern. The results show that the area of farmland and woodland were decreased, and other landscape types increased from 1987 to 2013. Landscape structure diverted from simple to complex, and landscape diversity and evenness were increased. Furthermore, the area proportion of high ecological risk and middle ecological risk increase, the area ratio of low ecological risk decrease. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the landscape pattern optimization in the process of land reclamation, and through the related technology to reduce the ecological risk, increase the stability of the landscape pattern during mineral resources development.