化工过程危险与可操作性及爆炸事故分析技术

介绍了化工生产开、停车过程人工误操作危险与可操作性分析系统（MO-HAZOP）、基于层次分析法的计算机辅助HAZOP分析方法和化工过程爆炸事故分析软件，系统地从物料、设备、工艺、人为因素和外部环境等方面对化工过程中潜在危险进行全面的分析。提出以发生概率值大小为依据对所有的危险路径进行排序，找出最容易发生的潜在危险路径。在分析的完备性的同时，增强了防范措施的针对性和可操作性。将导致爆炸事故的原因分为五类46种，对防范类似事故发生具有指导性意义。以某双苯厂硝基苯初馏塔分离工艺为例，阐述了防范控制人工误操作及爆炸事故分析技术的应用。分析结果表明，应用此技术，采用预防控制措施是可以防爆炸事故于未然的。

Hazard and operability and explosion accidents analysis technology in chemical processes

Hazard and operability analysis about the manual mistake operation in chemical processes, the computer aided HAZOP analysis technology based on analytic hierarchy process(AHP)and the explosion cases analysis program in chemical processes were discussed.Potential hazards were systematically analyzed from five aspects:material, equipment, process, human factor and environment.All potential process hazards could be found and their probabilities calculated, and all abnormal situations could be arranged in the order of probability.The technology could ensure complete and sound analysis and enhance the pertinence and operability of the safeguard measures.The causes of explosion accidents were classified into 5 categories, 46 kinds.The analysis of nitrobenzene prefractionator was taken as an example to explain real application of prevention and control of mistaken operations and the explosion accidents analysis technology in chemical processes.The analysis result indicated that using the technology and adopting the prevention and control measures recommended could effectively prevent the explosion accidents.